Sikhism

Lore & Background

Sikhs regard the Guru Granth Sahib as the 11th and eternally living guru. The religion developed and evolved in times of religious persecution, gaining converts from both Hinduism and Islam.

Reader's Guide

Sikhism's significance lies in its synthesis of spiritual devotion and worldly responsibility, encapsulated in the doctrine of Miri Piri—the union of temporal and spiritual authority. The religion emphasizes the oneness of God (Ik Onkar), the equality of all humankind, selfless service (sevā), and striving for justice for the benefit of all (sarbat da bhala). Sikhs reject claims that any particular religious tradition has a monopoly on absolute truth and do not actively proselytise, though voluntary converts are generally accepted. The five Ks—articles of faith including uncut hair (kesh) and the turban—physically distinguish baptised Sikhs. The Guru Granth Sahib, written primarily in the Gurmukhī script, serves as the eternal living guru. Sikhism's history of persecution and martyrdom under Mughal rule shaped its identity, leading to the formation of the Khalsa as a community of saint-soldiers. The religion's emphasis on honest conduct, meditation on God's name (naam japna), and musical expression of devotion (kirtan) continue to guide its 25–30 million adherents worldwide.

Did You Know?

• The word Sikh means 'student' or 'disciple' of the guru.
• The Guru Granth Sahib is considered the 11th and eternally living guru.
• Two Sikh gurus were executed by Mughal emperors after refusing to convert to Islam.
• Baptised Sikhs are obliged to wear five articles of faith, including uncut hair.